Reflective paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Intelligent - Research Paper Example The dread over ecological supportability emerges in light of the fact that the worldwide populace of around ten billion individuals should adequately take care of and cover without harming condition, (Goodland, 2002, p. 1). The chance of supporting this size of populace while keeping the earth unblemished is lean in light of the fact that the social and monetary needs of this populace size surpass the conveying limit of the earth, (Marquart-Pyatt, 2010). All the more significantly, the financial segment (the corporate) is the central offender in crashing natural manageability. I accept ecological supportability legitimately influences monetary maintainability on the grounds that financial development gets its contributions from nature, (Goodland, 2002, p. 2). This relationship has suggestion on the regular assets that supports the monetary development. Financial development is boundless however the environment that bolsters the monetary development is limited. This implies economy keeps on developing as far as pace of creation and utilization of items while the ecological limit from which crude materials are inferred stays steady or lessens with expanded extraction. Be that as it may, some portion of this restricted ecological limit, the sustainable asset, has capacity to renew, (Goodland, 2002, p. 2). Inexhaustible asset mostly gives instrument of embracing natural maintainability. The other bit, non-sustainable asset, need capacity to recharge. Actualizing ecological manageability strategy is testing on the grounds that lone piece of the entire condition can renew while the consumption procedure influences both. In regard to this, I would propose three principles for ecological maintainability. The first is the standard for the yield, which specifies that the amount of waste transmitted from a social or financial action must be inside the assimilative limit of the neighborhood condition without trading off its resulting absorptive limit with respect to comparable squanders

Non-Democratic Regimes Theory, Government and Politic by Paul Brooker Essay

Non-Democratic Regimes Theory, Government and Politic by Paul Brooker - Essay Example The essayist has intentionally attempted to uncover an ordered conversation as respects the hypothetical investigation of the advancement and improvement of the non-law based type of government, significances, disappointment, results, and commitment in the advancement of political idea. The exertion has additionally been made to contrast vote based system and those non-law based systems. The introduction of the book is efficient; language use is clear and intelligible and comfort perusing. The entire book has been secured by 10 sections managing each issue of a non-popularity based system. The topic of the book is effectively available. Honorably, for the accommodations and a superior comprehension of the perusers, the creator has provided significant information, figures, and tables which have made a great conversation. Anybody with an examination can undoubtedly comprehend the substance of the book and recognize the center motivations behind the writer welcoming the perusers to an astute conversation so as to confront the ground-reality through gaining some commonsense information. The twentieth century has seen enormous moves in the administration portfolios. A huge piece of First 50% of the only remaining century has encountered the approach of tyranny epitomizing one party rule, Nazism, and socialism in German, Italy, Eastern Europe, Russia, and China. In 1920s-1930s tyranny just because created in Nazi German and Fascist Italy. With the developing notoriety of socialism, the idea was reintroduced in the western political idea during the 1950s in Russia, Eastern Europe and even in China. The strength and more extensive acknowledgment of authoritarianism system in 1960s-1970s were more than majority rule government and appeared as though autocracy could be the transcendent state theory in the coming days. The period between the finish of Second World War and the opening of 1970 time is set apart by the military fascism.

Vacation = Relaxation, right

Vacation = Relaxation, right Apparently this is not the case in England. They do things differently over there. Namely, instead of 2 or 3 tests a term and then a final exam, there is only 1 final exam. Thats right. One exam that counts for pretty much your whole grade. While this is not such a big deal to students in, say China, its a big change from MIT where our rooms are filled with piles of psets. AND, heres what I think is the real killer, all the exams for the entire year happen during a 2-3 week period in the Easter term (there are 3 terms: Michaelmas, Lent, and Easter). So what does this mean? It means that were supposed to study over Christmas and Easter break. In fact, for engineers, the exams are at the beginning of Easter term so theres panic over the last couple of weeks of Easter break. So how are MIT students faring with this studying over the holidays business? Well, for the first week or so I was really motivated to get a lot of stuff done. But then Christmas came. And well, that means family, food, more family, TV, movies, more food you know. So uh, Ive been putting things off. Sigh, I foresee more panic once I get back to Cambridge. Oh wells I mean, Im sitting at home while writing this. Most of the other people on the exchange are traveling Europe. How much studying do you think theyre doing?

Anthology Definition and Examples in Literature

In literature, an anthology is a series of works collected into a single volume, usually with a unifying theme or subject. These works could be short stories, essays, poems, lyrics, or plays, and they are usually selected by an editor or a small editorial board. It should be noted that if the works assembled into the volume are all by the same author, the book would be more accurately described as a collection instead of an anthology. Anthologies are typically organized around themes instead of authors. The Garland Anthologies have been around much longer than the novel, which didn’t emerge as a distinct literary form until the 11th century at the earliest. The Classic of Poetry (alternatively known as the Book of Song) is an anthology of Chinese poetry compiled between the 7th and 11th centuries B.C. The term â€Å"anthology† itself derives from Meleager of Gadara’s Anthologia (a Greek word meaning â€Å"a collection of flowers† or garland), a collection of poetry centered on a theme of poetry as flowers he assembled in the 1st century. The 20th Century While anthologies existed prior to the 20th century, it was the modern-day publishing industry that brought the anthology into its own as a literary form. The advantages of the anthology as a marketing device were plentiful: New writers could be linked to a more marketable nameShorter works could be collected and monetized more easilyDiscovery of authors with similar styles or themes attracted readers looking for new reading material Simultaneously, the use of anthologies in education gained traction as the sheer volume of literary works required for even a basic overview grew to huge proportions. The Norton Anthology, a mammoth book collecting stories, essays, poetry, and other writings from a wide range of authors (coming in many editions covering specific regions [e.g., The Norton Anthology of American Literature]), launched in 1962 and quickly became a staple of classrooms around the world. The anthology offers a wide if somewhat shallow overview of literature in a relatively concise format. The Economics of Anthologies Anthologies maintain a strong presence in the world of fiction. The Best American series (launched in 1915) uses celebrity editors from particular fields (for example, The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2004, edited by Dave Eggers and Viggo Mortensen) to attract readers to short works they may be unfamiliar with. In many genres, such as science fiction or mystery, the anthology is a powerful tool for promoting new voices, but it’s also a way for editors to earn money. An editor can pitch a publisher with an idea for an anthology and possibly a firm commitment from a high-profile author to contribute. They take the advance they’re given and round up stories from other writers in the field, offering them an up-front, one-time payment (or, occasionally, no up-front payment but a portion of the royalties). Whatever’s left when they have assembled the stories is their own fee for editing the book. Examples of Anthologies Anthologies count amongst some of the most influential books in modern literary history: Dangerous Visions, edited by Harlan Ellison. Published in 1967, this anthology launched what’s now called the â€Å"New Wave† of science fiction, and was instrumental in establishing sci-fi as a serious literary undertaking and not silly stories aimed at kids. With stories collected from some of the most talented writers of the time and a no-holds-barred approach to depictions of sex, drugs, or other adult themes, the anthology was groundbreaking in many ways. The stories were experimental and challenging, and changed forever how science fiction was regarded.​Georgian Poetry, edited by Edward Marsh. The five original books in this series were published between 1912 and 1922, and collected the works of English poets who were part of the generation established during the reign of King George V (beginning in 1910). The anthology began as a joke at a party in 1912; there had been a craze for small chapbooks of poetry, and the party attendees (including future editor Marsh) mocked the idea, suggesting they do something similar. They quickly decided the idea had actual merit, and the anthology was a turning point. It showed that by collecting a group into a ‛brand’ (although the term wasn’t used in that manner at the time) greater commercial success could be attained than by publishing singly.​Literature of Crime, edited by Ellery Queen. Queen, the pseudonym of cousins Daniel Nathan and Emanuel Benjamin Lepofsky, put together this remarkable anthology in 1952. Not only did it elevate crime fiction from the cheap paperbacks into the realm of â€Å"literature† (if only by aspiration), it made its point by self-consciously including stories by famous authors not normally thought of as crime writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Aldous Huxley, Charles Dickens, John Steinbeck, and Mark Twain.

The History of Ultrasound in Medicine

Ultrasound refers to sound waves above the human range of hearing, 20,000 or more vibrations per second. Ultrasonic devices are used for measuring distance and detecting objects, but it’s in the realm of medical imaging that most people are familiar with ultrasound. Ultrasonography, or diagnostic sonography, is used to visualize structures inside the human body, from bones to organs, tendons, and blood vessels, as well as the fetus in a pregnant woman.   Ultrasound was developed by Dr. George Ludwig at the Naval Medical Research Institute in the late 1940s. The physicist John Wild is known as the father of medical ultrasound for imaging tissue in 1949. In addition, Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik of Austria published the first paper on medical ultrasonics in 1942, based on his research on transmission ultrasound investigation of the brain; and Professor Ian Donald of Scotland developed practical technology and applications for ultrasound in the 1950s. How It Works   Ultrasound is used in a large array of imaging tools. A transducer gives off the sound waves that are reflected back from organs and tissues, allowing a picture of what is inside the body to be drawn on a screen.   The transducer produces sound waves from 1 to 18 megahertz. The transducer is often used with a conductive gel to enable the sound to be transmitted into the body. The sound waves are reflected by internal structures in the body and hit the transducer in return. These vibrations are then translated by the ultrasound machine and transformed into an image. The depth and strength of the echo determine the size and shapes of the image. Obstetric Ultrasound Ultrasound can be very useful during pregnancy. Ultrasound can determine the gestational age of the fetus, its proper location in the womb, detect ​the fetal heartbeat, determine multiple pregnancies, and can determine the sex of the fetus. While ultrasonic imaging can change temperature and pressure in the body, there is little indication of harm to the fetus or mother through imaging. Nonetheless, American and European medical bodies urge ultrasonic imaging to be performed only when medically necessary.

Regulation and deregulation of business logistics Free Essays

It is important to distinguish these two types of state intervention, since the policy of deregulation aimed only at the economic aspects of the industry, while measures on traffic safety and protection of the public interest only increase. Let’s see these questions in detail. Regulation of business life is one of the oldest forms of government regulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulation and deregulation of business logistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Federal and state governments have actively used economic regulation to ensure the reliability of the transport system and to create conditions for economic development. More than 100 years the state intervention in the economy is aimed at to make transport services equally available to all users without exception in the U. S. Measures to strengthen competition between private transport companies are the basis of the regulatory policies. The government invested money in creating and improving infrastructure in building roads, airports, channels and ports. The state supported and regulated system of private commercial carriers for using these communication and actually providing transport services. Deregulation began in the sass, and in 1980, when the basic laws adopted deregulation, the situation has changed radically. In the sass and sass were tightened security measures in the transport and protection of the public interest with weakening economic regulation of transport. In 1966, it was created by the Ministry of Transport (Department of Transportation, DOT), and from the very beginning in the center of his attention were transportation and materials handling hazardous substances, limiting working time of drivers and reliable vehicles. In 1974, the Law on Transport Security (Transportation Safety Act). Were taken effect several laws on transport, significantly influenced the practice of logistics in the next 20 years. Movement for the protection of the environment caused further strengthen attention to transportation safety and liability for environmental harm. Regulation of entry into the industry. Such regulation shall be subject to the rules of entry into the industry (market) and exit, as well as a list of markets that are allowed to serve a particular carrier. Restrictions aimed at reducing competition in major markets and maintaining an adequate level of logistic service to small. Transport rates. Transportation rates are the second object of economic regulation, in particular, their establishment, modification, tariff subsidies and actual tariff rates. There are efferent types of transport tariffs. There are legal procedures to change (increase or decrease) in transportation tariffs. The most industries, firms are free to change prices, and limits their only competitive pressures. Prior to deregulation, carriers had to prove the need for changes in tariffs to the Commission on interstate commerce. Carriers had to demonstrate that their costs have increased (or decreased) for justifying such a need to increase (or decrease) the price of the services. Temporary change of tariffs in response to rising fuel prices in the form of allowances allowed he tariff rate. Carriers are getting the right to change rates within a certain range without any Justification annual (typically 7-15%) after deregulation. Tariff subsidies – are the practice of support (subsidies) one carrier routes through higher tariffs on others. That is considered that the high costs are associated with servicing small markets, subsidized by revenues from services to large markets where the level of costs are relatively lower. Strictly speaking, 42 states regulate transport on its territory, and only eight do not. There was have never been regulating the activities f public or contract carriers in Delaware and New Jersey. Nevertheless, in 1994 Congress passed and President signed a law abolishing the right of states to control the rates, routes, and composition of services provided by the carriers. While states retained the right to regulate the size and weight of vehicles, as well as transportation routes of hazardous materials and the financial liability of carriers. In addition, Carriers retained the right of participation in the tariff committee. Costs of intrastate regulation and the difficulties in its abolition are quite significant. Postal impasses aspired to avoid regulation. But in response to these efforts of companies Federal Express and UPS power only some states have strengthened their positions. For example, several states attempt to subordinate Federal Express truck traffic on its territory in 1991. But in 1992 the U. S. Supreme Court ruled that California has no right to regulate road transport operations airlines that have a federal license. Other cities and states have tried to limit transport at a certain time of day or the transportation of hazardous materials (Donald, 2008). All these things considered, we include that creating the conditions for free market competition, although from time to time there have been calls for stability to return to a more extensive regulation – primarily it concerns air transport and road transport with incomplete transit normally – is the main aim of the legal state regulation in the transport industry. How to cite Regulation and deregulation of business logistics, Papers

Australian case Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre Pty Ltd v Anzil

Question: Discuss about the Australian case Modbury Triangle Shopping Centre Pty Ltd v Anzil. Answer: This case was heard by the High Court of Australia. In this case, the respondent was successful during the trial. Similarly, the responder proved to be successful when the Full Court of Supreme Court of South Australia heard the appeal. Under these circumstances, Modbury Triangle Shopping Center made an appeal to the High Court of Australia. The facts of this case can be briefly described as follows. In this case, the appellant, Modbury owned a shopping center. On the other hand, Mr. Anzil, the respondent was hired by a video store that had leased premises in the center. In front of the weekly shop there was a large outdoor parking for the center. The car park was owned by the shopping center, Modbury. The video store remained open until 10 PM in the night and after that time the lights of the car park were automatically switched off. In this case, the respondent was leaving his workplace at 10:30 PM on a Sunday night and the lights of the car park were turned off. Subsequently, the respondent was attacked by three unidentified persons. One of the assailants had a baseball bat and the respondent suffered serious injuries. According to the lease agreement, the lighting in the common areas like the parking area was provided. According to the discretion of the appellant had a part of the cost was paid by the tenant. Earlier, almost 2 years ago, the practice was to let the lights on at the 11 PM. Later on, a request was made by the co-manager of the video store that the lights should be allowed in the 10:15 PM but just ended and nearly 12 months before the attack, the practice was adopted to switch off the lights at 10 PM. Under these circumstances, the proprietor of the shopping center was sued by the plaintiff in negligence for his failure to exercise reasonable care and switching off the lights in the car park. In this way, the case was related with the liability of the occupier for the criminal conduct of a third party. Therefore the main issue in this case was to decide if and when a person can be held liable towards another person for a duty to take reasonable care for controlling the conduct of the third party.[1] In this case, although it was argued by the appellant that the attack could have been prevented if better lighting was present in the car park, but the majority of the judges were quite skeptical of this claim. Therefore, it appears that mainly the case was conducted on the issue if the risk of injury was created or increased by the defendant due to poor lighting. It was pointed out by the court that in this case, the claim of the building was not based on the physical conditions in the car parking (for example that he had tripped over due to bad lighting). Instead, the claim in the present case was based on the third party's deliberate criminal actions. Therefore the issue in this case was related with the liability of the defendant for an omission, particularly the liability of the defendant regarding the criminal actions of third party. It was decided by the majority of these days that Modbury, as the occupier of the premises, had a duty which did not extend to take precautions fo r preventing the physical injury was to the plaintiff by criminals. In order to decide if the occupiers had a did you get towards the persons who entered their land, the proximity test needs to be applied. In case of this test, physical proximity, circumstantial proximity and casual proximity is involved. Apart from it, under such circumstances, another test that can be used is the three stages test.[2] The three stages in this regard are if the damage suffered by the plaintiff can be described as reasonably foreseeable, if the relationship that existed between the plaintiff and defendant can be described as sufficiently proximate and if so, can it be described as fair, just and reasonable under the circumstances to impose the duty of care on the defendant. The questions that need to be asked for the purpose of deciding if there has been a breach of the required standard of care include the question if it was foreseeable, if the risk was not insignificant and if any other reasonable person would have taken the precautions under similar circumstances in which the defendant was. There are other relevant factors that also need to be considered like if the cost involved in taking the precautions would have considerably increased the cost of energy. It was also claimed by the apparent than an occupier of land is not how a duty of care, which requires the occupier to take reasonable care for preventing physical injury to the plaintiff that may be caused as a result of the criminal behavior of a third-party.[3] Therefore in the present case also, the occupier did not have any control over the actions of the attackers or on the circumstances under which the attack took place. The general rule that can be applied in the present situation is that the person does not have a duty to control the other person to prevent such person from causing damage to a third person. Generally for the purpose of occupier's liability, the duty of care in negligence regarding the physical condition of the premises arises as a result of the power that the occupier had to control the persons who enter or remain on the land and also the power of the occupiers to control the state of land. Moreover, the occupiers in a better position as compared to an entra nt to know regarding the physical condition of the premises.[4] Regarding the issue of a duty of control over third parties, it was the opinion of the majority in this case that the scope of the duties of an occupier does not extend to third parties. Apart from the exceptional circumstances or in case of the presence of the special relationship between the parties, liability is not imposed by the commonlaw regarding the ommission to take positive steps for the purpose of protecting the other person from the criminal actions of the other party. It was also stated in this case that if a special relationship is not present, it is not the duty of a person to take steps to prevent causing harm to another person as a result of the interactions of a third party even if such a risk can be described as foreseeable. It will also recognize by the court that under some exceptional cases, a duty can be imposed on a party to take positive steps that are required in order to prevent a reasonably foreseeable risk. That has been created independent from the condu ct of the defendant. Such a situation arises in cases where there is a special or protective relationship present between the parties, and an obligation has been assumed by the defendant to protect the plaintiff.[5] It can be said that such a protective relationship is present where the defendant has the capability to control the risk of harm that may be caused to the plaintiff and in cases where the plaintiff can be described as vulnerable and depending on the plaintiff for the prevention of such harm.[6] But in the present case, it was noted by the court that the occupier was not in a position to control the actions of the assailants. Similarly, the occupier did not have any knowledge regarding the impending attack. The court stated that the middle attacks cannot be predicted and it was not possible for the occupier to control such an attack.[7] Under these circumstances, it was stated that the occupier cannot be held liable in the present case, because the immediate and direct cause of the injuries suffered by the plaintiff was the attack by the offenders and these injuries were not suffered as an absence of lighting. Similarly, this fact was also noted that responsibility was not assumed by the occupier regarding the safety of the respondent. It was reasonable for the occupier to believe that the employer of the respondent would protect him. Concerning the occupier, the respondent can be placed in similar position in which any other member of the public can be placed. Similarly in the present case, the contribution of the occupier in the injuries suffered by the respondent was negligible. If liability is imposed on the occupier, it would mean that the financial responsibility has been shifted regarding the consequences of a crime, from the wrongdoer to another person. Even if such person did not have the capability to impact the behavior due to which the injuries were caused. Moreover the court stated that there is no doubt that an occupier of land has the duty of care towards the persons who unlawfully present on the land. In the present case also, it can be said that the appellant had a duty towards the first to respond and regarding the physical condition of the car park. However, the issue in this case was related with the fact if the appellant also had a duty of the kind that is relevant for the harm that was offered by the first respondent. This issue was discussed in this case in the form of the argument related with the nature or scope of the duty. In the present case, the nature of farm caused to the respondent was in the form of physical injuries that have been caused by a third party and the respondent did not have any control over the actions of the third-party.[8] Therefore, it can be said in the present case that any relevant duty in such circumstances can be described as the duty related with the security of the respondent. It can be a duty of a person, in his position as the occupier of land, which requires him to take reasonable care for protecting the persons who were in the position of the respondent against conduct, which includes the criminal actions of the third parties. Under these circumstances, the majority decision given by the High Court was that the appeal of Modbry should be allowed on both the issues. Consequently, it was decided by the High Court that Modbury cannot be held liable for injuries suffered by Mr. Anzil. In support of the decision, it was stated by the court. That being an occupier of land, Modbury has a duty of care towards Mr. Anzil but this duty cannot be considered to be extending to take reasonable steps for the purpose of preventing the criminal actions of third parties, as a result of which, physical injuries were suffered by Mr. Anzil. Under the circumstances where Modbury did not have any control over the conduct of the attackers. The court pointed out that even if it can be said that the failure of Modbury to provide proper lighting in the car park could have facilitated the time in the same way as it had made provision for the car park and descent and decided to park his car there but it cannot be treated as the. Main cause behind the injuries suffered by Mr. Anzil. In this case, the direct cause due to which Mr. Anzil had suffered the injuries was the conduct of the three assailants over which Modbury had no control. It was also noted by the court that in this case, the inadequate lighting had not caused the concealment of a dangerous object or condition in the carpark as a result of which, damage may have been suffered by person or property. Due to the unpredictability of criminal behavior, as a general rule, and when a special relationship is not present, a duty is not imposed by the law to prevent harm to another person caused by the criminal conduct of third parties even if such harm can be described as reasonably foreseeable.[9] Therefore the court stated that the occupier, Modbury was not liable for the injuries suffered by the respondent. Bibliography Chomentowski v Red Garter Restaurant Ltd (1970) 92 WN (NSW) 1070 Commissioner for Railways v McDermott [1967] 1 AC 169 at 186 Dorset Yacht Co v Home Office [1970] AC 1004 Fraser v State Transport Authority (1985) 39 SASR 57 Hill v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 at 229 Kondis v State Transport Authority (1984) 154 CLR 672 at 687 Pitt Son Badgery Ltd v Proulefco (1984) 153 CLR 644 Public Transport Corporation v Sartori [1997] 1 VR 168 Smith v Leurs (1945) 70 CLR 256 at 262 Commissioner for Railways v McDermott [1967] 1 AC 169 at 186. Smith v Leurs (1945) 70 CLR 256 at 262 Dorset Yacht Co v Home Office [1970] AC 1004. Kondis v State Transport Authority (1984) 154 CLR 672 at 687 Hill v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 at 229 Chomentowski v Red Garter Restaurant Ltd (1970) 92 WN (NSW) 1070 Public Transport Corporation v Sartori [1997] 1 VR 168 Fraser v State Transport Authority (1985) 39 SASR 57 Pitt Son Badgery Ltd v Proulefco (1984) 153 CLR 644